1 lshw: HardWare LiSter for Linux
    2 ===============================
    4 lshw is a small tool to provide detailed information on the hardware confi-
    5 guration of the machine. It can report exact memory configuration, firmware
    6 version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration,
    7 bus speed, etc. on DMI-capable x86 or EFI (IA-64) systems and on some PowerPC
    8 machines (PowerMac G4 is known to work).
    10 Information can be output in plain text, XML or HTML.
    12 It currently supports DMI (x86 and EFI only), OpenFirmware device tree
    13 (PowerPC only), PCI/AGP, ISA PnP (x86), CPUID (x86), IDE/ATA/ATAPI, PCMCIA
    14 (only tested on x86), USB and SCSI.
    16  * Requirements
    17     . Linux 2.4.x or 2.6.x (2.2.x might work, though)
    18     . a PA-RISC, Alpha, IA-64 (Itanium), PowerPC or x86 based machine
    19     . an ANSI (or close enough to ANSI compliance) C++ compiler
    20     (tested with g++ 2.95.4 and 3.2.2)
    21     . for the (optional) GTK+ graphical user interface, you will need a
    22     complete GTK+ 2.4 development environment (gtk2-devel on RedHat/Fedora
    23     derivatives)
    25  * To compile it, just use:
    27     $ make
    29  * If you want to build the optional GUI, do:
    31     $ make
    32     $ make gui
    34  * the lshw home page is http://lshw.org/
    35  * send bug reports, requests for help, feature requests, comments, etc. to
    36    bugs@ezix.org.  The author can be contacted directly (lyonel@ezix.org)
    37    Please make sure you include enough information in your bug report:
    XML  38    output from lshw is preferred over text or HTML, indicate the affected
    39    version of lshw, your platform (i386, x86-64, PA-RISC, PowerPC, etc.) and 40
    your distribution.
    and so on。。。

        可以使用html格式输出这些信息 通过web浏览查看 如：

    #lshw -html >/var/www/pcinfo.html

        然后网页 http://yourdomain/pcinfo.html 查看
        还有更多的相关lshw参数可以使用 也支持图形界面的查看，详见

    #lshw –X    //图形界面
    #man lshw   // 查看lshw工具更多参数用法

        lsof轻松查看正在运行的进程可打开哪些文、目录及套接字等信息，了解应用程序打开了哪些文件或者哪个应用程序打开了特定的文件，进而了解更多关于系统的信息。
        快速查出哪个进程在使用某个特定目录（如：/root/install) ，此有助于umount（卸载）或rm（删除）某些文件系统或目录前进行确认，可尝试使用lsof工具：

    [root@yanqx ~]# lsof /root/install/
    COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE      NODE NAME
    bash    18041 root  cwd    DIR   0,29 4096 188088470 /root/install/

        可见得，显然是root进入到了/root/install目录中。。。。
        同样，lsof也可列举出与特地进程相关联到的文件、目录、库等等信息，如要显示与指定PI进程相关联的文件可使用-p选项：

    [root@yanqx ~]# lsof -p 9554
    COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE    SIZE      NODE NAME
    sshd    9554 root  cwd    DIR     0,29    4096 187957388 /
    sshd    9554 root  rtd    DIR     0,29    4096 187957388 /
    sshd    9554 root  txt    REG     0,29  409560 187988270 /usr/sbin/sshd
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29  132304 187973604 /lib64/ld-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   44472 187973606 /lib64/libpam.so.0.81.5
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   20424 187973386 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29 1750504 190255826 /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   15280 187973406 /lib64/libutil-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   83344 187959026 /usr/lib64/libz.so.1.2.3
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29  111480 187973548 /lib64/libnsl-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   45728 187973602 /lib64/libcrypt-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   89800 187972006 /lib64/libresolv-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29 1698672 187973486 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   84400 187973582 /lib64/libaudit.so.0.0.0
    sshd    9554 root  mem    REG     0,29   53880 187973574 /lib64/libnss_files-2.5.so
    sshd    9554 root    0u   CHR      1,3          12392555 /dev/null
    sshd    9554 root    1u   CHR      1,3          12392555 /dev/null
    sshd    9554 root    2u   CHR      1,3          12392555 /dev/null
    sshd    9554 root    3u  IPv6 12393000               TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
    sshd    9554 root    4u  IPv4 12393002               TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)

        或也可以通过使用-c参数选项，来通过进程名称来指定的进程查看：

    [root@yanqx ~]# lsof -c init
    COMMAND PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE    SIZE      NODE NAME
    init      1 root  cwd    DIR   0,29    4096 187957388 /
    init      1 root  rtd    DIR   0,29    4096 187957388 /
    init      1 root  txt    REG   0,29   40968 187988546 /sbin/init
    init      1 root  mem    REG   0,29          96280139 /sbin/init (path inode=187988546)
    init      1 root  mem    REG   0,29  132304 187973604 /lib64/ld-2.5.so
    init      1 root  mem    REG   0,29  245264 187973608 /lib64/libsepol.so.1
    init      1 root  mem    REG   0,29   92960 187973474 /lib64/libselinux.so.1
    init      1 root  mem    REG   0,29 1698672 187973486 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
    init      1 root  mem    REG   0,29   20424 187973386 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so
    init      1 root   10u  FIFO   0,48          12392766 /dev/initctl

        关于lsof这工具还可以通过相当多的不同参数进行实现不同功能 这里就不一一列举。。可自己查看工具命令帮助文档了解 嗯
        对此两工具就简单介绍分享推荐到此////

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